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The aim of the study - to evaluate years of life lost due to alcohol-related injuries by gender and place of residence in Lithuania and to propose measures for prevention.
Methods. Data on injury mortality for the able-bodied population (15-64 years) for the year 2006 was obtained from the Lithuanian Department of Statistics. Alcohol-related mortality and its impact on years of life lost (YLL) was defined following the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse, USA (1996) definitions. 
Results. Alcohol-related injury deaths composed 17.3% among all injury deaths in Lithuania in 2006 and due to these deaths 25889 years of life were lost (males lost 19353, females  6536 years of life). One descendent due to alcohol-related injuries lost in average 30.7 years of life (one male in average 27.6, while one female  29.7 years of life). There were no significant inequalities by place of residence in this indicator observed. YLL/1000 due to alcohol-related injuries was 10.9 for the total able-bodied population. It was more than three times higher for males in comparison to females, and twice higher for rural population in comparison to the urban. The highest level it reached for rural males - YLL/1000 was 21.3, while the lowest level of 3.6/1000 - for urban females. 
Conclusions. Alcohol plays a substantial role in injury mortality in Lithuania. Public health measures should be taken to reduce alcohol-related injury mortality burden, particularly among males, especially those living in rural areas.

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