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Reviewer	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	recommendation	Total
Wilson Odero	3	3	3	2	oral	11
Alex Butchart	3	2	2	2		9
					Overall Total	20
					Average	10

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Email: *	[email protected]
Surname: *	Kehinde
First Name: *	Oluwadiya
Job Title: *	Orthopaedic Surgeon
Institution: *	LAUTECH College of Health Sciences
Address *	Department of Surgery, LAUTECH College of Health Sciences, Osogbo, Osun State Nigeria
Post/Zip Code *	0234

Preferred presentation mode *

oral

Are you prepared to accept an alternative presentation mode? *

Yes

Title of paper *

Taking alcohol by deception: An analysis of ethanol concentration of paraga, an alcoholic herbal mixture and factors associated with its use among commercial drivers in an urban centre in Nigeria

Authors: *

Dr Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday

Presenting Author: *

Dr Oluwadiya Kehinde Sunday

Topic(s): *

Road safety

Other Topic(s)

Key Words

Alcohol medicinal drugs drivers

Abstract Content *

Background: Paraga is an herbal mixture in alcoholic base that is widely consumed all over Nigeria. Because of its perceived medicinal values, it is freely available to commercial drivers in motor parks and on the streets. This study purposes to evaluate the alcoholic concentration of paraga and to describe its use among commercial drivers. Insights from the study will be useful in developing evidence based policies to control its use.
Method: Samples of paraga were obtained for analysis. The WHO students drug survey questionnaire was used to evaluate paraga use among 332 commercial drivers in Osogbo, Nigeria.
Results: The alcohol by volume (ABV) content of the paraga samples ranged between 1.20% and 20.84%. 10 (35.7%) were comparable to beer in strength, 9 (32.1%) were weaker than beers, 6 (21.4%) were equivalent to wines while the last three were stronger than wine but weaker than distilled spirits. The prevalence of lifetime use for paraga was 56.6%; with current (One month) use and past (1 year) use of 53.6% and 48.2% respectively. 184 (54.5%) had driven shortly after consuming alcohol in the past while 122 (36.7%) had actually seen people behaved drunkenly after consuming paraga. Only 44.7% of those currently taking paraga are willing to stop taking it.
Conclusion: Paragas ABV is comparable to the ABV of common alcoholic beverages. Like these beverages, access to paraga at motor parks should be restricted and drivers educated on its potentials for harmful effects.

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